What conditions Inactivate hopcalite

The hopcalite catalyst can quickly convert carbon monoxide that may be inhaled into harmless carbon dioxide, which makes a great contribution to environmental protection, but the hopcalite catalyst can also be inactivated in some cases.
Poisoning inactivation:
Sulfur poisoning: If the reaction gas contains sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, sulfur will chemically react with copper oxide and manganese oxide in the catalyst to generate sulfide such as copper sulfide and manganese sulfide, which will cover the active center of the catalyst and hinder the contact between carbon monoxide and the active center, resulting in catalyst inactivation.
Phosphorus poisoning: Phosphorus compounds may also react irreversibly with the active components of the catalyst to produce inactive substances, reducing the activity of the catalyst.
Halogen poisoning: hopcalite catalyst compounds, such as chlorine gas and hydrogen chloride, may react with metal oxides in the catalyst, changing the structure and performance of the catalyst, resulting in poisoning and inactivation.
Carbon deposition deactivation: Under certain reaction conditions, side reactions may occur, producing carbon deposits, which will cover the surface of the catalyst, blocking the pores of the catalyst, so that the reactants cannot fully contact the active center of the catalyst, resulting in a decrease in catalyst activity.
Sintering deactivation: In a high temperature environment, the grains of active components such as copper oxide and manganese oxide in the catalyst may gradually grow, and small metal ions are sintered, which reduces the specific surface area of the catalyst and the number of active centers, resulting in catalyst deactivation. In addition, high temperature may also cause changes in the carrier structure of the catalyst, such as changes in the pore structure of the carrier, pulverization, etc., affecting the performance of the catalyst.
Loss and deactivation of active components: During the reaction process, the active components such as copper oxide and manganese oxide in the catalyst may be lost for various reasons, such as being washed by the reactant fluid, and dissolved in chemical reactions with other substances, resulting in a reduction in the content of active components and a reduction in the activity of the catalyst.
Water vapor effect deactivation: Although the hopcalite catalyst usually has a certain moisture resistance, if the water vapor content in the environment is too high, long-term exposure to a high humidity environment may cause hydrolysis or hydration reactions in the active components of the catalyst, changing its structure and performance, resulting in deactivation.