What are the main advantages and application scenarios of copper oxide varistors?

Cupric oxide Varistor is actually a kind of metal oxide varistor, and the following are its main advantages and application scenarios:
Major advantage
High nonlinear characteristics: the resistance value decreases sharply with the increase of voltage, has a high impedance under normal operating voltage, and can quickly become a low impedance under overvoltage conditions, which can effectively limit the voltage peak, thus protecting other components in the circuit.
Fast response time: can respond to voltage changes at the speed of nanoseconds, can react to overvoltage in an instant, quickly absorb surge energy, provide rapid overvoltage protection for the circuit, and effectively prevent damage to electronic equipment caused by spike pulses.
High surge capacity: can withstand up to thousands of amps of surge current, in the event of lightning strikes or other transient overvoltage events, can protect the circuit from high current impact.
Stable voltage-current characteristics: Stable volt-ampere characteristics can be maintained after multiple shocks, ensuring long-term reliable protection of the circuit and reducing circuit failures caused by changes in the performance of the varistor.
Good thermal stability: under normal working conditions, the temperature coefficient is very small, even in high temperature environment can maintain stable performance, can adapt to different working temperature ranges, and is not easy to cause misoperation or performance decline due to temperature changes.
Application scenario
Power supply system: Installed on the AC input side of the power supply circuit, it protects the power supply from high voltage shocks caused by lightning strikes or power grid transients. In power adapters and switching power supplies, it is used to limit voltage peaks and prevent voltage mutations from causing damage to the circuit.
Communication equipment: widely used in communication systems such as telephone lines, network equipment and wireless communication base stations, it can effectively absorb lightning and surge energy, protect communication equipment from the impact of surges and voltage spikes, and ensure the normal operation of communication systems.
Industrial control: In industrial automation and control systems, it is used to protect motors, sensors and actuators from voltage fluctuations and electromagnetic interference, which can improve the accuracy and stability of sensor signals and ensure the normal operation of industrial control systems.
Consumer electronics: Commonly used in the power circuits and signal lines of consumer electronic products such as mobile phones, TVS, computers, etc., it can protect the internal circuits from overvoltage damage, improve the reliability and stability of products, and extend the service life of products.
Automotive electronics: In the automotive ignition system, on-board electronic equipment and the charging system of electric vehicles, sensitive electronic components can be protected from the impact of voltage fluctuations, effectively improving the stability and safety of automotive electronic systems.
Medical equipment: In medical equipment such as electrocardiogram machines, ultrasound equipment and MRI machines, it is used to protect precision electronic components from voltage fluctuations to ensure the normal operation and measurement accuracy of medical equipment.
Solar system: In solar photovoltaic systems, inverters and panels can be protected from voltage fluctuations and lightning strikes, improving the stability and reliability of the solar system.